Master common medicines for infusion:
1. Ringer's solution (compound sodium chloride injection): Ringer's solution is completely more ingredient than normal saline and can be used instead of normal saline. It is used for water loss caused by various reasons, including hypotonic, isotonic and hypersmotic water loss. It contains 0.85% sodium chloride, 0.03% potassium chloride, and 0.033% calcium chloride.
2. Ringer's Lactate solution (Hartman's solution): used in cases of acidosis or dehydration tendencies. Every 100 ml contains 0.02g of calcium chloride, 0.03g of potassium chloride, 0.6g of sodium chloride, and 0.31g of sodium lactate.
3. Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride injection): used for water loss caused by various reasons, including hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic water loss.
4. Concentrated sodium chloride injection: water poisoning and severe hyponatremia caused by various causes. It can quickly increase the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid, so that the moisture in the intracellular fluid moves out of the cells. While increasing the capacity of extracellular fluid, it can increase the osmotic pressure of the intracellular fluid. Each 100ml contains 10g of sodium chloride.
5. Glucose sodium chloride injection: used for insufficient food or large amounts of body fluid loss caused by various reasons, supplement heat energy and body fluids, and maintain the normal capacity and osmotic pressure of the pet's blood and extracellular fluid. Every 100ml of 5g of glucose and 0.9g of sodium chloride or 100ml of glucose and 0.9g of sodium chloride.
6. Glucose injection (5%, 10%, 25%, 50%): used for inadequate eating or large amounts of body fluid loss due to various reasons (such as vomiting, diarrhea, etc.), starvation ketosis, hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, tissue dehydration agents, drug diluents and total intravenous nutrition therapy. For isotonic dehydration, 5% glucose injection is given intravenous drip; for starvation ketosis, 5% to 25% glucose injection is given intravenous drip; for energy and body fluids, 25% is given. Glucose injection is intravenously administered; hypoglycemia, 50% can be given first in severe cases. Glucose injection is intravenously bolus; tissue dehydration is generally used to quickly intravenously inject 50% glucose injection.
7. Sodium bicarbonate injection: treats metastatic acidosis and alkalization of urine. 5g of sodium bicarbonate per 100ml. It is advisable to dilute it into 1.5% isotonic solution with 5% glucose solution.
8. Calcium gluconate injection: the treatment of hypocalcemia, allergic diseases, magnesium poisoning and fluoride poisoning. Each 100ml contains 10g of calcium gluconate.
9. Potassium chloride injection: treats hypokalemia caused by various reasons, such as insufficient food, vomiting, severe diarrhea, the use of potassium-exhausting diuretics, and hypokalemia caused by supplementing hypertonic glucose. 10g of potassium chloride per 100ml. Generally diluted to 0.3% concentration for use.
10. Sodium Lactate Injection: Used to correct metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia and severe heart rate disorders in pets. The preparation is a 11.2% hypertonic solution. It should be prepared into different osmotic pressure concentrations according to the needs. It is advisable to dilute 1 part of 1 mol of sodium lactate solution with 5 parts of 5% glucose solution, and then use it after turning it into 1/6 mol of isotonic (1.9%) solution.
11. Low molecular weight dextran amino acid injection: a nutritional blood volume expansion drug used to treat blood volume reduction and microcirculation poor that have protein deficiency. The total amount of amino acids is 2.72 mg per 1 ml, and the effective nitrogen is 4.2 mg.
12. Complex amino acid injection (18AA): amino acid intravenous nutritional medicine, composed of 18 amino acids. Others such as albumin, neutral fat emulsion, mannitol, etc.: Some of these drugs are energy supplements, such as neutral fat emulsion; some are colloidal osmotic pressure maintainers, such as albumin; and some are group dehydrating agents, such as mannitol. Changes in cell packing, blood Na+ concentration, plasma Co2 binding force, blood (urinary) PH, urine specific gravity, etc. will be supplemented according to the test results. As much as possible, make up for what you lack and make up for what you lack.
Reasonable infusion plan:
Actively treat the primary disease, adjust it at any time by observing the treatment effect. Infusion plan: Mouse fluid disorders are mostly secondary manifestations of other diseases. Diagnosis should be made as soon as possible for the primary disease, and appropriately add relevant therapeutic drugs such as antibiotics, antiviral drugs, vitamins and cardiac enhancers to the liquid. Drugs with contraindications should be avoided to mix together. The efficacy of infusion depends on firstly correcting the insufficient blood volume, maintaining effective circulating blood volume, and then correcting the imbalance of body fluid electrolytes and acid-base balance. Since the infusion volume is largely calculated, the actual efficacy should be observed every day, that is, whether the clinical symptoms have improved. And make necessary adjustments to the infusion volume and infusion ingredients according to the symptoms and test results.
Abide by sterile operating procedures:
1. Dispensing treatment room: UV lamp irradiate for 1 hour every night, boil and fumigate with 2% peracetic acid at 8ml/m3 for 30 minutes every week. Wipe the Baoding infusion table, treatment vehicle, indoor doors and windows and floors with 0.2% bleach or 1% 84 disinfectant once to twice a day. During the dispensing and infusion operations, reduce personnel flow and avoid sweeping the floor to reduce dust particles in the air. It is best to use an ultra-clean workbench for infusion and dispensing medicine. After the ampoule saw, it is sterilized with 0.5% strong iodine or 75% alcohol cotton swab, which can achieve the purpose of sterility, and is easy to operate, save time and effort, and can effectively prevent contamination and inhaling a large amount of glass particles into the liquid due to the negative pressure in the ampoule. When adding powder injection to the liquid, the drug must be fully dissolved after adding the drug, and the infusion can only be injected according to the infusion requirements. All kinds of medications and liquids should be used and prepared immediately. All kinds of medications should not be added in advance or inserted into sterile infusion tubes too early. They should be used and inserted immediately, especially in high temperature and humid seasons or poor external environment.
2. Strict operating procedures: Hands should be cleaned and disinfected effectively before intravenous infusion. The bottle plug and pet skin venous puncture site should be thoroughly disinfected, and the needle should be replaced after repeated puncture. Proficient in puncture techniques and good fixation after puncture can avoid increased contamination of repeated puncture of veins.. When choosing to install a venous indwelling needle in the jugular vein, it is absolutely necessary to place it with a sterilized indwelling needle. The venous area of the injection site should be shaved and surgically cleared. When the indwelling needle is not used, use heparin saline to avoid coagulation in the tube, and cover the cotton yarn bandage with antibiotic ointment to keep the injection site clean.
Combined medication use should pay attention to the compatibility taboos:
The types of dosing should be strictly controlled in the liquid, and the combination of multiple drugs should be used to use small-package solutions to classify and input them as much as possible. When companioning with more than two drugs, pay attention to the contraindications for compatibility (check the 400 drugs compatibility table). After preparation, observe whether the medicine solution has discolored, precipitated, or turbidden. The combination of multiple drugs is to reduce the total amount of fluid or reduce the number of infusions. However, with the increase in the types of infusion drugs, the possibility of interaction between drugs also increases. Whether the drugs can be used to match is unreliable only by discoloration and turbidity. Physical and chemical changes in some drugs do not cause appearance changes after compatibility, but the titer is significantly reduced or toxic and side effects occur. Therefore, during intravenous infusion, try to minimize the combination of drugs. Except for the drugs that can be used in combination in the drug instructions, it is best not to use other varieties in the mixture.
When replacing the replenishment, first check whether the replenishment fluids to be connected to the bottle are turbid, precipitated, etc.; check whether there are any contraindications for replenishment in the adjacent two groups. If there is no contraindication, the bottle can be connected. After replacement, you should carefully observe whether the reactions of the two are precipitated or turbid. If there is any contraindication, the infusion tube should be replaced immediately; for two known contraindications with compatibility, the two should not be input adjacently, and there should be other liquid intervals in the middle. If there is no other replenishment, use normal saline intervals.